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Nakba Day (Arabic: يوم النكبة ''Yawm an-Nakba'', meaning "Day of the Catastrophe") is generally commemorated on 15 May, the day after the Gregorian calendar date for Israeli Independence Day (Yom Ha'atzmaut). For the Palestinians it is an annual day of commemoration of the displacement that preceded and followed the Israeli Declaration of Independence in 1948. ==Defining Nakba== During the 1948 Palestine War, an estimated 700,000 Palestinians fled or were expelled, and hundreds of Palestinian towns and villages were depopulated and destroyed.〔Morris, Benny (2003).'' The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-00967-7, p. 604.〕〔Khalidi, Walid (Ed.) (1992). ''All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948''. Washington: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.〕 These refugees and their descendants number several million people today, divided between Jordan (2 million), Lebanon (427,057), Syria (477,700), the West Bank (788,108) and the Gaza Strip (1.1 million), with at least another quarter of a million internally displaced Palestinians in Israel.〔 The displacement, dispossession and dispersal of the Palestinian people is known to them as ''an-Nakba'', meaning "catastrophe" or "disaster”. Prior to its adoption by the Palestinian nationalist movement, the "Year of the Catastrophe" among Arabs referred to 1920, when European colonial powers partitioned the Ottoman Empire into a series of separate states along lines of their own choosing. The term was first used to reference the events of 1948 in the summer of that same year by the Syrian writer Constantine Zureiq in his work ''Macnā an-Nakba'' ("The Meaning of the ''Nakba''"; published in English in 1956). Initially, the use of the term Nakba among Palestinians was not universal. For example, many years after 1948, Palestinian refugees in Lebanon avoided and even actively resisted using the term, because it lent permanency to a situation they viewed as temporary, and they often insisted on being called "returnees." In the 1950s and 1960s, terms they used to describe the events of 1948 included ''al-'ightiṣāb'' ("the rape"), or were more euphemistic, such as ''al-'aḥdāth'' ("the events"), ''al-hijra'' ("the exodus"), and ''lammā sharnā wa-tla'nā'' ("when we blackened our faces and left").〔 Nakba narratives were avoided by the leadership of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in Lebanon in the 1970s, in favor of a narrative of revolution and renewal.〔 Interest in the Nakba by organizations representing refugees in Lebanon surged in the 1990s due to the perception that the refugees' right of return might be negotiated away in exchange for Palestinian statehood, and the desire was to send a clear message to the international community that this right was non-negotiable.〔 The Israeli–Palestinian conflict has prompted Palestinians like Mahmoud Darwish to describe the Nakba as "an extended present that promises to continue in the future.”〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nakba Day」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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